In July of 2001, a mysterious red rain reached a great area of the south of India.
Inhabitants believed that rain was an announcement of the end of the world, but the official explanation was of that rain had been caused for the dust of the desert that was blown of the Arabian peninsula.
But Godfrey Louis, a scientist in the region, was presumptuous of that it had something more uncommon happening.
Louis discovered that gifts in rain were very small biological cells, but, for the fact of these cells pparently not to present DNA, the essential component of all the life in the Land, the scientist concluded that these cells could be foreign forms of life.
“This incredible allegation is that (the cells) they are, possibly, extraterrestrial. This is a great allegation, I knows, but all the experiments apóiam this allegation”, said Louis.
The work of Louis placed in action a chain of events, with scientists in the world all debating the origin of these mysterious cells.
The main reason why the ideas of Louis had not been ridicularizadas immediately after its launching was the relation with a theory defended for two British scientists since the decade of 1960
The deceased Fred Hoyle and professor Chandra Wickramasinghe had been the main scientists to defend the Panspermia, the idea from that the life in the Land if originated in another planet.
The scientists had speculated that the life was brought for the Land for a comet. In the last decade, the Panspermia has been each time more taken the serious one.
The space agency American NASA is each interested time more in the search for extraterrestrial life.
To find life in another place of the Solar System would be a vital stimulaton for the theory of the Panspermia.
Another division of NASA is dedicated to the study of batteries found in the Land that can survive the extreme conditions.
To find these types of battery can become most likely the survival of microrganismos during a trip for the space, in a meteorite.
“Bacteria need to aguentar the extreme cold of the space, the vacuum, ultraviolet radiation, cosmic rays. It seems to want very of a bacterium. But, of what we know, the survival in the space more or less is guaranteed. Bacteria seem to have been born to be travelling of the space”, said Wickramasinghe.
Inquiry
The BBC folloied Wickramasinghe professor in a trip to India in the way of 2006 to investigate fenônemo of red rain.
Together with Louis, the scientists had visited people who had testified rain.
Wickramasinghe examined the work of Louis, that sample that red rain can duplicate 300º C, an essential attribute of a microorganism that had that to aguentar extreme temperatures.
Everything this convinced Wickramasinghe of that red rain is a form of foreign life.
“Before coming, it had great doubts if red rain was same an indication of life coming of the space, new life coming of the space”, said.
“But, reflecting and after talking with Godfrey (Louis), I go to believe that (red rain) it represented an invasion of microbes of the space”, it added.
Many scientists remain skeptical. But if Wickramasinghe and Louis will be certain, will be the strongest test of that the theory of the Panspermia can be correct.
Company presents helicopter-airplane
A hybrid helicopter capable to fly more than the 400 km/h must be one of the attractions of the Aerial Hall of Paris, between 20 and 26 of June.
For being an aircraft that flies how much an airplane so quickly, but with the maneuverability of a helicopter, the manufacturers of the Eurocopter are calling it to X3 “watershed”.
The Eurocopter says that the X3 can be used for operations of search and rescue and any another mission where the speed is primordial.
Beyond the horizontal helices that make possible the vertical take-off and landing, the hybrid has also two turboprop ones mounted in small wings that allow speeds above of 400 kilometers for the moment.
For being an aircraft that flies how much an airplane so quickly, but with the maneuverability of a helicopter, the manufacturers of the Eurocopter are calling it to X3 “watershed”.
The Eurocopter says that the X3 can be used for operations of search and rescue and any another mission where the speed is primordial.
Beyond the horizontal helices that make possible the vertical take-off and landing, the hybrid has also two turboprop ones mounted in small wings that allow speeds above of 400 kilometers for the moment.
Panspermia: a fascinating theory
E if the life in the Land had not been created…. in the Land? E if everything what we know had had origin here, but before in a distant and unknown point the Universe? E if had been a meteorite to bring the first cells for our planet and we did not pass all of foreigners?
The panspermia is a theory that appeared for the first time in the Civilization Greek, 5 centuries before Christ. Deriving from the words “seed” and “everything”, it defends that the life exists all for the universe, and the Land is only one of the many bodies where the seed of the life was placed.
Theory of the conspiracy or, the theory of the panspermia was not revived in century XIX for some modern scientists who had defended that this fenómeno would be the cause of the birth of some new illnesses, of the epidemic crises and the necessary genetic constitution for the macroevolution (the evolution of Darwin thus would be explained by the fact of all the extra-terrestrial organisms that we today know to be e, therefore, to be accustomed to adaptarem it new environments).
The life could, then, the same arrive at the Land through different solar systems or planets of solar system and for radiation. The studied form more of panspermia is by means of a meteorite: when the terrestrial conditions if had become favorable to the life development, a meteorite would have crossed the atmosphere, bringing for the Land the first organisms with life - cells - that they would have been developed during millions of years for the life forms that we know today.
One of the arguments of the defenders of this theory is the red rain of Kerala, that devastated India of 25 d July the 23 of September in 2001. Although some scientists to have joined a justification for the color of rain - they would be seaweed remaining portions of surrounding zones - in 2003 two scientists had appeared with the hypothesis of that the color if would derive from extraterrestrial particles of a meteorite that would have entered in the atmosphere in the same height. Although this hypothesis never if to have proven, the doubt is in air.
As any another theory, exists innumerable limitations and critical and the truth is that never it met vestiges of life in any another planet, beyond the Land. Meanwhile not to happen, nothing can be proven e all the theories does not pass exactly of this: hypotheses!
Theory of the conspiracy or, the theory of the panspermia was not revived in century XIX for some modern scientists who had defended that this fenómeno would be the cause of the birth of some new illnesses, of the epidemic crises and the necessary genetic constitution for the macroevolution (the evolution of Darwin thus would be explained by the fact of all the extra-terrestrial organisms that we today know to be e, therefore, to be accustomed to adaptarem it new environments).
The life could, then, the same arrive at the Land through different solar systems or planets of solar system and for radiation. The studied form more of panspermia is by means of a meteorite: when the terrestrial conditions if had become favorable to the life development, a meteorite would have crossed the atmosphere, bringing for the Land the first organisms with life - cells - that they would have been developed during millions of years for the life forms that we know today.
One of the arguments of the defenders of this theory is the red rain of Kerala, that devastated India of 25 d July the 23 of September in 2001. Although some scientists to have joined a justification for the color of rain - they would be seaweed remaining portions of surrounding zones - in 2003 two scientists had appeared with the hypothesis of that the color if would derive from extraterrestrial particles of a meteorite that would have entered in the atmosphere in the same height. Although this hypothesis never if to have proven, the doubt is in air.
Fossil shows that legless lizards are not snakes
The discovery of a fossil can change the way scientists understand the evolution of snakes. Um lagarto chamado Cryptolacerta hassiaca, que viveu há cerca de 47 milhões de anos, deu a primeira evidência anatômica neste sentido. A lizard named Cryptolacerta hassiaca, who lived about 47 million years ago, gave the first anatomical evidence in this regard.
Um estudo publicado pela revista “Nature” concluiu que as cobras e os lagartos sem membros (da subordem Anfisbena) evoluíram separadamente. A study published in the journal "Nature" found that snakes and lizards without limbs (the suborder amphisbaenia) evolved separately. A pesquisa foi feita por cientistas da Universidade de Toronto, no Canadá, e do Museu de Ciências Naturais de Berlim, na Alemanha. The survey was conducted by scientists at the University of Toronto, Canada, and the Museum of Natural Sciences in Berlin, Germany.
Foi constatado que o Cryptolacerta tinha um crânio muito duro, típico dos répteis cavadores, como é o caso dos Anfisbena. Cryptolacerta was found to have had a very hard skull, typical of burrowing reptiles, as is the case of amphisbaenia. Os lacertídeos, tipo mais comum de lagartos, também estão próximos à subordem na escala evolutiva. The lacertids, most common type of lizards are also coming to the suborder on the evolutionary scale. As cobras, por sua vez, têm parentesco com os chamados lagartos monitores – como, por exemplo, o dragão de Komodo. Snakes, in turn, are related to lizards called monitors - such as the Komodo dragon.
“Esse fóssil desmente a teoria de que cobras e outros répteis cavadores dividam uma herança comum e revela que a forma de seus corpos evoluíram independentemente”, afirmou Johannes Müller, autor principal do estudo, que é professor da Universidade Humboldt, em Berlim, na Alemanha. "This fossil disproves the theory that burrowing snakes and other reptiles to share a common heritage and reveals that the shape of their bodies have evolved independently," said Johannes Müller, the study's lead author, who teaches at Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany .
Um estudo publicado pela revista “Nature” concluiu que as cobras e os lagartos sem membros (da subordem Anfisbena) evoluíram separadamente. A study published in the journal "Nature" found that snakes and lizards without limbs (the suborder amphisbaenia) evolved separately. A pesquisa foi feita por cientistas da Universidade de Toronto, no Canadá, e do Museu de Ciências Naturais de Berlim, na Alemanha. The survey was conducted by scientists at the University of Toronto, Canada, and the Museum of Natural Sciences in Berlin, Germany.
Foi constatado que o Cryptolacerta tinha um crânio muito duro, típico dos répteis cavadores, como é o caso dos Anfisbena. Cryptolacerta was found to have had a very hard skull, typical of burrowing reptiles, as is the case of amphisbaenia. Os lacertídeos, tipo mais comum de lagartos, também estão próximos à subordem na escala evolutiva. The lacertids, most common type of lizards are also coming to the suborder on the evolutionary scale. As cobras, por sua vez, têm parentesco com os chamados lagartos monitores – como, por exemplo, o dragão de Komodo. Snakes, in turn, are related to lizards called monitors - such as the Komodo dragon.
“Esse fóssil desmente a teoria de que cobras e outros répteis cavadores dividam uma herança comum e revela que a forma de seus corpos evoluíram independentemente”, afirmou Johannes Müller, autor principal do estudo, que é professor da Universidade Humboldt, em Berlim, na Alemanha. "This fossil disproves the theory that burrowing snakes and other reptiles to share a common heritage and reveals that the shape of their bodies have evolved independently," said Johannes Müller, the study's lead author, who teaches at Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany .
